1971 年 11 月 15 日 , Intel developed the world’s first microprocessor “ Intel 4004 “, now about 40 years. To commemorate this historic moment, Intel today released a large number of valuable historical information, especially ages 17 processor ultra close-up map Tsing Hua University (shell and kernel) , worth collecting, not to be missed.

4004 and the first look at some ancestors of today’s fastest processors Sandy Bridge Core i7′s an interesting contrast:

1, compared transistor speed, 4004 is like a snail, an hour ahead 5 m and is now Kenya’s Patrick Ma 卡乌穆斯约基 September 25 this year in Berlin, Germany created marathon records: 2 hours 3 minutes 38 seconds, an average speed of 20.6 km. From the frequency comparison, both the snail and the lightning bolt, respectively.

2, now the annual energy consumption of a laptop worth about € 25 (￥ 220), and if the processor power consumption to remain unchanged in 1971, today’s notebook on a year in energy consumption expenditure of approximately € 100,000 (￥ 87 million), few people can afford.

3,4004 kernel contains 2,300 transistors, Sandy Bridge is 995 million, as a small village and the entire Chinese population comparison. If every single transistor is one meter, 995 million enough to Poznan, Poland, Stuttgart, Germany, Glasgow, United Kingdom or any of about 567,000 people in big cities all full to eat a full meal.

4, Sandy Bridge 32-nanometer manufacturing process, core area of ??216 mm2, while if you use the 10 micron 4004, Sandy Bridge will be the core area of ??21 square meters, or 7 × 3 meters. thank Moore’s Law.

5,4004 frequency of 74KHz, Sandy Bridge is up to 4GHz or so. do the same if the car’s speed increase, then to New York from San Francisco today, open to or from Lisbon, Portugal, Russia, Moscow, only need 1 second.

6, from 4004 to Sandy Bridge, the transistor 5000 times faster, consumes only one of the original 5000 points, the price is reduced to one in 50,000.

7, 1947, Bell Labs invented the transistor to have a big hand, but in 22nm tri-gate technology, a needle (diameter 1.5 mm) of space you can put down more than 10 million transistors .

8, a period (0.1 mm2) can accommodate more than 600 million transistors.

Well, bottom plug started –

4004 Processor: 740KHz (0.74MHz), 10 micron

4004 kernel

8008 CPU: 0.8MHz, 10 micron

8008 kernel

8080 CPU: 2MHz, 6 micron

8080 kernel

8086 Processor: 10M/8/4.77MHz, 3 micron

8086 kernel

8088 Processor: 8/4.47MHz, 3 microns (sorry this one is no larger)

8088 kernel

80286 processor: 12/10/6MHz, 1.5 micron

80286 kernel

386 DX processor: 33/25/20/16MHz, 1.5/1 micron

386 DX kernel

486 DX processor: 50/33/25MHz, 1/0.8 micron

486 DX kernel

Pentium Pentium processor: 66/60MHz, 0.8 micron

Pentium Pentium core

Pentium II processor: 300/266/233MHz, 0.35 micron

Pentium II core

Pentium III Xeon Xeon Processor: 1GHz-600MHz, 0.18-micron

Pentium III Xeon kernel

Pentium 4 processor :2.0-1 .4 GHz, 0.18-micron

Pentium 4 core

Pentium III Mobile Processor: 833/866MHz, 0.13 micron

Pentium III Mobile kernel

Core 2 Duo processors: 1.8GHz, 65 nm

Core 2 Duo Core

Core 2 Quad processors: 2.4GHz, 65-nm

Core 2 Quad Core

Core i5 processor: 45/32 nm

Sandy Bridge Core i7 processors: 3.4GHz, 32 nm

Sandy Bridge Core i7 kernel

Finally, Intel The processors draw evolutionary history and futuristic artists Brian David Johnson, Elina Hiltunen together to complete the calculation of the next 40 years the Imagination.

processor evolutionary history (full version)

processor evolutionary history (Starter Edition)

the future of computing 40 years (Part)

the future of computing 40 years (Part II)